PythonLogical Operators

Logical Operators in Python

Logical operators are used to combine multiple conditions (expressions) and produce a boolean result: True or False.

Logical operators play a key role in decision-making and are commonly used in if statements and loops.

List of Logical Operators

OperatorKeywordDescription
andandTrue if both conditions are True
ororTrue if at least one condition is True
notnotReverses the result: True becomes False, False becomes True

1. and Operator

Returns True only if both conditions are True.

logical_and.py
a = 5
b = 10
print(a < 10 and b > 5)
output.txt
True

Example 2: One Condition False

logical_and_false.py
x = 3
y = 7
print(x > 5 and y < 10)
output.txt
False

Example 3: Combining String and Number

logical_and_mixed.py
name = "Alice"
age = 20
print(name == "Alice" and age >= 18)
output.txt
True

Explanation:

  • If either side of the and operator is False, the whole expression evaluates to False.

2. or Operator

Returns True if at least one condition is True.

logical_or.py
a = 5
b = 10
print(a > 10 or b > 5)
output.txt
True

Example 2: Both Conditions False

logical_or_false.py
x = 1
y = 2
print(x > 5 or y > 10)
output.txt
False

Example 3: Multiple Conditions

logical_or_strings.py
status = "inactive"
score = 80
print(status == "active" or score >= 75)
output.txt
True

Explanation:

  • If any one condition is True, the entire expression evaluates to True.

3. not Operator

Reverses the boolean result: True becomes False, and vice versa.

logical_not.py
is_logged_in = True
print(not is_logged_in)
output.txt
False

Example 2: Used with and

logical_not_and.py
x = 10
y = 5
print(not (x < 20 and y > 2))
output.txt
False

Example 3: Used with or

logical_not_or.py
is_admin = False
is_user = True
print(not (is_admin or is_user))
output.txt
False

Explanation:

  • The not operator inverts the result of an expression.
  • Very useful for conditions where you want to check for the opposite.

Combining Logical Operators

You can combine and, or, and not in a single expression:

logical_combined.py
age = 25
is_student = False
print((age >= 18 and age <= 30) or is_student)
output.txt
True

Summary

  • and returns True only if both conditions are True.
  • or returns True if any one condition is True.
  • not inverts the result of an expression.
  • Logical operators are widely used in conditional logic to build complex decision-making rules.
Comparison OperatorsAssignment Operators